Schicksalsgemeinschaft hitler biography
Adolf Hitler
Dictator of Nazi Germany from to
"Hitler" and "The Führer" redirect here. For other uses, see Hitler (disambiguation) and Führer (disambiguation).
Adolf Hitler[a] (20 April – 30 April ) was an Austrian-born German politician who was the dictator of Nazi Germany from until his suicide in He rose to power as the leader of the Nazi Party,[c] becoming the chancellor in and then taking the title of Führer und Reichskanzler in [d] His invasion of Poland on 1&#;September marked the start of the Second World War.
He was closely involved in military operations throughout the war and was central to the perpetration of the Holocaust: the genocide of about six million Jews and millions of other victims.
Hitler was born in Braunau am Inn in Austria-Hungary and was raised near Linz. He lived in Vienna in the first decade of the s before moving to Germany in He was decorated during his service in the German Army in World War I, receiving the Iron Cross.
In , he joined the German Workers' Party (DAP), the precursor of the Nazi Party, and in was appointed leader of the Nazi Party.
In , he attempted to seize governmental power in a failed coup in Munich and was sentenced to five years in prison, serving just over a year of his sentence. While there, he dictated the first volume of his autobiography and political manifestoMein Kampf (My Struggle). After his early release in , Hitler gained popular support by attacking the Treaty of Versailles and promoting pan-Germanism, antisemitism, and anti-communism with charismatic oratory and Nazi propaganda.
He frequently denounced communism as being part of an international Jewish conspiracy.
By November , the Nazi Party held the most seats in the Reichstag, but not a majority. No political parties were able to form a majority coalition in support of a candidate for chancellor. Former chancellor Franz von Papen and other conservative leaders convinced President Paul von Hindenburg to appoint Hitler as chancellor on 30 January Shortly thereafter, the Reichstag passed the Enabling Act of , which began the process of transforming the Weimar Republic into Nazi Germany, a one-party dictatorship based on the totalitarian and autocratic ideology of Nazism.
Upon Hindenburg's death on 2 August , Hitler succeeded him, becoming simultaneously the head of state and government, with absolute power. Domestically, Hitler implemented numerous racist policies and sought to deport or kill German Jews. His first six years in power resulted in rapid economic recovery from the Great Depression, the abrogation of restrictions imposed on Germany after World War I, and the annexation of territories inhabited by millions of ethnic Germans, which initially gave him significant popular support.
One of Hitler's key goals was Lebensraum (lit.&#;'living space') for the German people in Eastern Europe, and his aggressive, expansionist foreign policy is considered the primary cause of World War II in Europe.
Hitler biography video: Probably, this is partly because Hitler considered God ineffable. As armies approached Berlin from two directions, Hitler married his mistress Eva Braun and on April 30, , he killed himself. These laws included human biological inequality especially racial inequality , the human struggle for existence, and natural selection. Robert Wilde is a historian who writes about European history.
He directed large-scale rearmament and, on 1 September , invaded Poland, causing Britain and France to declare war on Germany. In June , Hitler ordered an invasion of the Soviet Union. In December , he declared war on the United States. By the end of , German forces and the European Axis powers occupied most of Europe and North Africa.
These gains were gradually reversed after , and in the Allied armies defeated the German army. On 29 April , he married his longtime partner, Eva Braun, in the Führerbunker in Berlin. The couple committed suicide the next day to avoid capture by the Soviet Red Army. In accordance with Hitler's wishes, their corpses were burned.
The historian and biographer Ian Kershaw described Hitler as "the embodiment of modern political evil". Under Hitler's leadership and racist ideology, the Nazi regime was responsible for the genocide of an estimated six million Jews and millions of other victims, whom he and his followers deemed Untermenschen (lit.&#;'subhumans') or socially undesirable.
Hitler and the Nazi regime were also responsible for the deliberate killing of an estimated &#;million civilians and prisoners of war. In addition, &#;million soldiers and civilians died as a result of military action in the European theatre. The number of civilians killed during World War II was unprecedented in warfare, and the casualties constitute the deadliest conflict in history.
Ancestry
See also: Hitler family
Hitler's father, Alois Hitler (–), was the illegitimate child of Maria Schicklgruber. The baptismal register did not show the name of his father, and Alois initially bore his mother's surname, "Schicklgruber". In , Johann Georg Hiedler married Alois's mother.
Alois was brought up in the family of Hiedler's brother, Johann Nepomuk Hiedler. In , Alois was made legitimate and his baptismal record annotated by a priest to register Johann Georg Hiedler as Alois's father (recorded as "Georg Hitler"). Alois then assumed the surname "Hitler", also spelled "Hiedler", "Hüttler", or "Huettler". The name is probably based on the German word Hütte (lit.&#;'hut'), and has the meaning "one who lives in a hut".
Nazi official Hans Frank suggested that Alois's mother had been employed as a housekeeper by a Jewish family in Graz, and that the family's year-old son Leopold Frankenberger had fathered Alois, a claim that came to be known as the Frankenberger thesis.
Schicksalsgemeinschaft hitler biography Hitler hated the Treaty of Versailles and despised the Weimar Government for signing it in the first place. The folkish worldview [i. Second, his religious hypocrisy helped explain his ability to appeal to a broad constituency. After war broke out, the Nazis shifted from expelling Jews from German-controlled territories to exterminating them.No Frankenberger was registered in Graz during that period, and no record has been produced of Leopold Frankenberger's existence, so historians dismiss the claim that Alois's father was Jewish.[11]
Early years
Childhood and education
Adolf Hitler was born on 20 April in Braunau am Inn, a town in Austria-Hungary (present-day Austria), close to the border with the German Empire.
He was the fourth of six children born to Alois Hitler and his third wife, Klara Pölzl. Three of Hitler's siblings—Gustav, Ida, and Otto—died in infancy. Also living in the household were Alois's children from his second marriage: Alois Jr. (born ) and Angela (born ).[16] When Hitler was three, the family moved to Passau, Germany.
There he acquired the distinctive lower Bavarian dialect, rather than Austrian German, which marked his speech throughout his life. The family returned to Austria and settled in Leonding in , and in June Alois retired to Hafeld, near Lambach, where he farmed and kept bees. Hitler attended Volksschule (a state-funded primary school) in nearby Fischlham.
The move to Hafeld coincided with the onset of intense father-son conflicts caused by Hitler's refusal to conform to the strict discipline of his school.
Alois tried to browbeat his son into obedience, while Adolf did his best to be the opposite of whatever his father wanted. Alois would also beat his son, although his mother tried to protect him from regular beatings.
Alois Hitler's farming efforts at Hafeld ended in failure, and in the family moved to Lambach. The eight-year-old Hitler took singing lessons, sang in the church choir, and even considered becoming a priest.
In , the family returned permanently to Leonding. Hitler was deeply affected by the death of his younger brother Edmund in from measles. Hitler changed from a confident, outgoing, conscientious student to a morose, detached boy who constantly fought with his father and Hitler recalled how Adolf was a teenage bully who would often slap her.
Alois had made a successful career in the customs bureau and wanted his son to follow in his footsteps.
Hitler later dramatised an episode from this period when his father took him to visit a customs office, depicting it as an event that gave rise to an unforgiving antagonism between father and son, who were both strong-willed. Ignoring his son's desire to attend a classical high school and become an artist, Alois sent Hitler to the Realschule in Linz in September [e] Hitler rebelled against this decision, and in Mein Kampf states that he intentionally performed poorly in school, hoping that once his father saw "what little progress I was making at the technical school he would let me devote myself to my dream".
Hitler's father, Alois, c.&#;
Hitler's mother, Klara, s
Like many Austrian Germans, Hitler began to develop German nationalist ideas from a young age.
He expressed loyalty only to Germany, despising the declining Habsburg monarchy and its rule over an ethnically diverse empire. Hitler and his friends used the greeting "Heil", and sang the "Deutschlandlied" instead of the Austrian Imperial anthem. After Alois's sudden death on 3 January , Hitler's performance at school deteriorated and his mother allowed him to leave.
Schicksalsgemeinschaft hitler biography images Beginning in , the SS had operated a network of concentration camps, including a notorious camp at Dachau , near Munich, to hold Jews and other targets of the Nazi regime. In , Hitler publicly promoted the German Christian candidates in the Protestant Church elections, giving encouragement to those who hoped for an amalgamation of Christianity and Nazism. This post is part of our collection of resources on Nazi Germany. He considered science, not religious revelation, the most reliable path to knowledge.He enrolled at the Realschule in Steyr in September , where his behaviour and performance improved. In , after passing a repeat of the final exam, Hitler left the school without any ambitions for further education or clear plans for a career.
Early adulthood in Vienna and Munich
See also: Paintings by Adolf Hitler
In , Hitler left Linz to live and study fine art in Vienna, financed by orphan's benefits and support from his mother.
He applied for admission to the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna but was rejected twice. The director suggested Hitler should apply to the School of Architecture, but he lacked the necessary academic credentials because he had not finished secondary school.
On 21 December , his mother died of breast cancer at the age of 47; Hitler was 18 at the time.
In , Hitler ran out of money and was forced to live a bohemian life in homeless shelters and the Meldemannstraße dormitory. He earned money as a casual labourer and by painting and selling watercolours of Vienna's sights. During his time in Vienna, he pursued a growing passion for architecture and music, attending ten performances of Lohengrin, his favourite Wagner opera.
In Vienna, Hitler was first exposed to racist sts such as mayor Karl Lueger exploited the city's prevalent anti-Semitic sentiment, occasionally also espousing German nationalist notions for political benefit.
Schicksalsgemeinschaft hitler biography wikipedia He rose from being a talentless painter to the dictator of Germany and, for a few months, emperor of much of Europe. Hitler was arrested in and used his trial to spread his name and his ideas widely. During this period, Hitler appears to have developed the worldview that would characterize his whole life, and which centered on hatred for Jews and Marxists. Indeed, savvy politician that he was, Hitler often cultivated the image of being a Christian.German nationalism was even more widespread in the Mariahilf district, where Hitler then Ritter von Schönerer became a major influence on Hitler, and he developed an admiration for Martin Luther. Hitler read local newspapers that promoted prejudice and utilised Christian fears of being swamped by an influx of Eastern European Jews as well as pamphlets that published the thoughts of philosophers and theoreticians such as Houston Stewart Chamberlain, Charles Darwin, Friedrich Nietzsche, Gustave Le Bon, and Arthur Schopenhauer.
During his life in Vienna, Hitler also developed fervent anti-Slavic sentiments.
The origin and development of Hitler's anti-Semitism remains a matter of debate. His friend August Kubizek claimed that Hitler was a "confirmed anti-Semite" before he left Linz. However, historian Brigitte Hamann describes Kubizek's claim as "problematical".
While Hitler states in Mein Kampf that he first became an anti-Semite in Vienna,Reinhold Hanisch, who helped him sell his paintings, disagrees. Hitler had dealings with Jews while living in Vienna.[59] Historian Richard J. Evans states that "historians now generally agree that his notorious, murderous anti-Semitism emerged well after Germany's defeat [in World War I], as a product of the paranoid "stab-in-the-back" explanation for the catastrophe".
Hitler received the final part of his father's estate in May and moved to Munich, Germany.
When he was conscripted into the Austro-Hungarian Army, he journeyed to Salzburg on 5 February for medical assessment. After he was deemed unfit for service, he returned to Munich. Hitler later claimed that he did not wish to serve the Habsburg Empire because of the mixture of races in its army and his belief that the collapse of Austria-Hungary was imminent.
World War I
Main article: Military career of Adolf Hitler
In August , at the outbreak of World War I, Hitler was living in Munich and voluntarily enlisted in the Bavarian Army.
According to a report by the Bavarian authorities, allowing Hitler to serve was most likely an administrative error, because as an Austrian citizen, he should have been returned to Austria.
Hitler biography movie In his eyes, Germany needed a Kaiser again. Some Nazis embraced occultism, while others scoffed at it. With Soviet forces closing in, Hitler made plans for a last-ditch resistance before finally abandoning that plan. We follow not Christ but Horst Wessel, Away with incense and holy water.Posted to the Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment 16 (1st Company of the List Regiment), he served as a dispatch runner on the Western Front in France and Belgium, spending nearly half his time at the regimental headquarters in Fournes-en-Weppes, well behind the front lines. In , he was present at the First Battle of Ypres and in that year was decorated for bravery, receiving the Iron Cross, Second Class.
During his service at headquarters, Hitler pursued his artwork, drawing cartoons and instructions for an army newspaper.
During the Battle of the Somme in October , he was wounded in the left thigh when a shell exploded in the dispatch runners' dugout. Hitler spent almost two months recovering in hospital at Beelitz, returning to his regiment on 5 March He was present at the Battle of Arras of and the Battle of Passchendaele. He received the Black Wound Badge on 18 May Three months later, in August , on a recommendation by Lieutenant Hugo Gutmann, his Jewish superior, Hitler received the Iron Cross, First Class, a decoration rarely awarded at Hitler's Gefreiter rank.
On 15 October , he was temporarily blinded in a mustard gas attack and was hospitalised in Pasewalk.